We’re all at same space-time speed c. It’s distance to circumference. What varies is the distribution of space and time vector. When we are don’t move in space, we move on y axis, time is fast, when we reach the speed of light, we are on x axis, speed if fast, time is dilated to be infinitely small. In total, the time-space measure maintains same.

One can go right or left, but the bottom part after flipping would form anti-matter.

The Electromagnetic field, how Electric and Magnetic forces arise. Magnetic force is explained by special relativity using below picture to illustrate: if the apple is placed still, nothing happened, but if apple is moving forward or backward, the space contraction and dilation in opposite direction will exert forces on the apple, causing it to move away relative to the observer.

A natural magnet is a substance that has the ability to attract or repel certain materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt. This ability is caused by the alignment of the atoms within the substance, which creates a magnetic field. Some examples of natural magnets include lodestone, a type of iron ore, and magnetite, a mineral made up of iron and oxygen. The Earth itself is also a giant natural magnet, which is why compasses work. The magnetic field of the Earth is created by the motion of molten iron in the Earth’s core.

The alignment of atoms within a natural magnet is caused by the alignment of the electrons within the atoms. Electrons are tiny particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom and have a property called spin. Spin is a fundamental property of electrons, much like mass and charge. In a natural magnet, the electrons in the atoms are aligned so that their spins are pointing in the same direction. This creates a magnetic field, with the north pole of the magnet pointing in the direction of the aligned spins and the south pole pointing in the opposite direction.

The alignment of the electrons’ spin can happen naturally, such as in the case of lodestone, or through a process called magnetization, which can be done by exposing a material to a strong magnetic field. The alignment of the electrons’ spin in the atoms creates a net magnetic moment that gives rise to the magnetic field of the natural magnet. It is worth noting that not all materials can be magnetized, and it depends on the properties of the material and the conditions under which it is magnetized.

Are all forces illusions? According to our life experience, we feel inertia force, distance force/gravity and contact force, but the former two are actually same category and are fictitious. For example, you feel inertia because you yourself is in a vehicle subjecting to the force/friction force. Not that inertia is a true force.

Same logic when we applied to explain gravity, then it is the earth the vehicle that is pushing exterior, or exerting force on the objects. It’s like Einstein famously got the epiphany moment when he thought of the equivalence of a person on the earth versus on an elevator moving at acceleration of g. So explain gravity, we can think of the earth is expanding. Then the obvious flaw is why the earth didn’t explode? the Space time curvature from general relativity comes to rescue.

hence only the third category – contact force is real force and they can boil down to be explained by three fundamental forces on micro level: strong, cohesion and weak force:

QFT quantum field theory explains that two particle constantly exchange a photon(magnetic electronic force), gluon(strong interaction) and zeta, w bosons(weak force) in between cause the movement between the two. What we interpret as forces are merely the recoil effect caused by interaction of these particles.